On September 29, 2025, Governor Gavin Newsom signed the Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act (TFAIA, SB 53 or the Act)[1], establishing a comprehensive framework for transparency, safety and accountability in the development and deployment of the most advanced artificial intelligence models. Building upon existing California laws targeting AI such as AB 2013[2], the Act, which takes effect January 1, 2026 and imposes penalties up to $1 million per violation, creates immediate compliance obligations for AI developers of the most powerful frontier models.